Health Conditions & Organ Systems
Pain & Inflammation:
TheΒ CB2Β receptor and its role as a regulator of inflammationΒ (Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016; 73(23): 4449-70.)
TargetingΒ CB2Β receptors and the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of painΒ (Brain Res Rev. 2009 Apr; 60(1): 255-266.)
CannabinoidΒ CB2Β receptors: a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic painΒ (Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan; 153(2): 319β334.)
The central cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2) and chronic painΒ (Int J Neurosci. 2017 Sep;127(9):812-823.)
AΒ CB2Β receptor agonist attenuates bone cancer-induced pain and bone lossΒ (Life Sci. 2010 Apr 24; 86(17-18): 646β653.)
Ξ²-Caryophyllene, a CB2-Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Mechanical Allodynia in a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain (Molecules. 2019 Dec 27;25(1):106.)
Ξ²-Caryophyllene, a CB2-Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Mechanical Allodynia in a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain (Molecules. 2019 Dec 27;25(1):106. )
Anxiety:
Anxious behavior induces elevated hippocampalΒ CB2Β expression (Neuroscience. 2017 Jun 3;352:273-284.)
Regulatory role of theΒ CB2Β receptor in stress-induced neuroinflammationΒ (Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Jun;171(11):2814-26.)
Ξ²-Caryophyllene, a CB2 receptor agonist produces multiple behavioral changes relevant to anxiety and depression in mice (Physiol Behav. 2014 Aug;135:119-24.)
Diabetes, Obesity, & Other Metabolic Disorders:
CB2Β receptor agonist improves systemic sensitivity to insulin (Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;40(5):1175-1185.)
Therapeutic potential ofΒ CB2Β in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complicationsΒ (Eur J Pharmacol.Β 2019 Nov 5;862:172628.)
Anti-Obesity Effect of aΒ CB2Β Receptor Agonist in Diet-Induced Obese Mice (PLoS One. 2015 Nov 20;10(11):e0140592.)
CB2Β as Antiobesity Target: Inflammation, Fat Storage, and Browning ModulationΒ (J Clin Endocrinol Metab.Β 2016 Sep;101(9):3469-78.)
CB2Β receptors regulate Ca(2+) signals and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cellΒ (Cell Calcium.Β 2006 Feb;39(2):155-62.)
Ξ²-caryophyllene, a CB2 agonist, decreases the motivational salience and conditioning place preference for palatable food in female mice (Addict Biol. 2023 Jan;28(1):e13249.)
Beta-caryophyllene alleviates diet-induced neurobehavioral changes in rats: The role of CB2 and PPAR-Ξ³ receptors (Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Feb:110:145-154. )
Cardiovascular Health:
CB2Β drives neurogenesis and improves functional outcome after stroke (Stroke. 2017 Jan;(48)1:204-212.)
Prospects for creation of cardioprotective drugs based on cannabinoid receptor agonists (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2016 May;21(3):262-72.)
CB2Β in atherosclerosis and acute cardiovascular diseases (Curr Med Chem. 2014;(21)35:4046-58.)
CB2Β receptor stimulation attenuates the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Oct;293(4):H2210-8.)
Time-Dependent Protection ofΒ CB2Β Receptor Agonist in StrokeΒ (PLoS One. 2015 Jul 17;10(7):e0132487.)
Selective Modulator ofΒ CB2Β Reduces Memory Impairment and Infarct Size During Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Vascular DementiaΒ (Curr Neurovasc Res. 2016;13(4):289-302.)
The Endocannabinoid System and Heart Disease: The Role ofΒ CB2Β (Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2018;18(1):34-51.)
SelectiveΒ CB2Β Receptor Stimulation Reduces Tubular Epithelial Cell Damage after Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion InjuryΒ (J Pharmacol Exp Ther.Β 2018 Feb;364(2):287-299.)
CB2 receptor agonist decreases blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats through relieving
inflammation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the brain (J Hypertens. 2020
May;38(5):886-895.)
Ξ²-Caryophyllene, a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene attenuates doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiotoxicity via activation of myocardial CB2 receptors in rats (Chem Biol Interact. 2019 May 1:304:158-167. )
Neurological Diseases & Nervous System:
Pharmacological characterization of the CB2 agonist, Ξ²-caryophyllene on seizure models in mice (Seizure . 2018 Apr;57:22-26.)
Targeting cannabinoidΒ CB2Β receptors in the central nervous system. Medicinal chemistry approaches with focus on neurodegenerative disorders (Front Neurosci. 2016; 10: 406.)
CentralΒ CB2Β receptors in inflammation-driven neurodegeneration: dysregulation and therapeutic potential (Neural Regen Res. 2016 Sep; 11(9): 1409β1410.)
CB2Β receptor: Potential role in immunomodulation and neuroinflammation (J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013 Jun; 8(3): 608-620.)
CannabinoidΒ CB2Β receptors in human brain inflammation (Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan; 153(2): 277β285.)
The CannabinoidΒ CB2Β Receptor as a Target for Inflammation-Dependent NeurodegenerationΒ (Curr Neuropharmacol. 2007 Jun; 5(2): 73β80.)
Regulatory role of the cannabinoidΒ CB2Β receptor in stress-induced neuroinflammation in miceΒ (Br J Pharmacol.Β 2014 Jun;171(11):2814-26.)
CB2 receptors promote neural progenitor cell proliferation via mTORC1 signaling (J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 6;287(2):1198-209. )
Ξ²-Caryophyllene, a CB2-Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Mechanical Allodynia in a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain (Molecules. 2019 Dec 27;25(1):106. )
Cognitive Health
The CB2 agonist, Ξ²-caryophyllene, improves working memory and reduces circulating levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines in aged male mice (Behav Brain Res. 2019 Oct 17;372:112012.
Pharmacological characterization of the CB2 agonist, Ξ²-caryophyllene on seizure models in mice (Seizure . 2018 Apr;57:22-26.)
Alzheimer's Disease:
Activation ofΒ CB2Β receptor system restores cognitive capacity and hippocampal Sox2 expression in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's diseaseΒ (Eur J Pharmacol.Β 2017 Sep 15;811:12-20.)
CB2Β cannabinoid receptor as potential target against Alzheimerβs Disease (Front Neurosci. 2016; 10: 243.)
Stimulation of brain glucose uptake by CB2 receptors and its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease (Neuropharmacology. 2016 Nov;110(Pt A):519-529.)
Activation ofΒ CB2Β receptors stimulates beta-amyloid removal by human macrophagesΒ (Brain Res. 2009 Aug 4;1283:148-54.)
Parkinson's Disease:
Cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors activation protects against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation associated dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rotenone model of Parkinsonβs Disease (Front Neurosci. 2016; 10: 321.)
CB2Β receptor activation prevents glial-derived neurotoxic mediator production, BBB leakage and peripheral immune cell infiltration and rescues dopamine neurons in the MPTP model of Parkinsonβs disease (Exp Mol Med. 2016 Jan; 48(1): e205.)
Multiple Sclerosis:
CB2Β receptors as an emerging target for demyelinating diseases: from neuroimmune interactions to cell replacement strategies (Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan; 153(2): 216β225.)
Potent immunomodulatory activity of a highly selective cannabinoidΒ CB2Β agonist on immune cells from healthy subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis. (J Neuroimmunol. 2017 Feb 15;303:66-74.)
Regulatory role of the cannabinoidΒ CB2Β receptor in stress-induced neuroinflammation in miceΒ (Br J Pharmacol.Β 2014 Jun;171(11):2814-26.)
(-)-Ξ²-Caryophyllene, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Motor Paralysis and Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis (Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Apr 1;18(4):691.)
Rheumatoid arthritis:
CB2Β as a potential therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis (Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2014; 15: 275.)
Expression ofΒ CB2Β and its inhibitory effects on synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology. 2014; 53(5): 802-809.)
Role ofΒ CB2Β in mediating inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblastsΒ (Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 Nov-Dec;37(6):1026-1035.)
Osteoarthritis:
CannabinoidΒ CB2Β receptors regulate central sensitization and pain responses associated with osteoarthritis of the knee joint (PLoS One. 2013; 8(11): e80440.)
Expression of cannabinoid receptors in human osteoarthritic cartilage: Implications for future therapies (Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016 Jan 1;1(1):3-15)
Musculo-Skeletal System (e.g,. osteoporosis):
AΒ CB2Β receptor agonist attenuates bone cancer-induced pain and bone lossΒ (Life Sci. 2010 Apr 24; 86(17-18): 646β653.)
Disease Modification of Breast CancerβInduced Bone Remodeling byΒ CB2Β Receptor AgonistsΒ (J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Jan; 28(1): 92β107.)
CannabinoidΒ CB2Β receptor stimulation delays rubrospinal mitochondrial-dependent degeneration and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injuryΒ (Cell Death Dis.Β 2014 Sep 4;5(9):e1404.)
Delayed Systemic Treatment withΒ CB2Β Agonist Mitigates Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Osteoporosis More Than Acute Treatment Directly after Injury (2021 Jun 22;2(1):270-284.)Β
Peripheral cannabinoid receptor, CB2, regulates bone mass (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006 Jan 17; 103(3): 696β701.)
The Role of CB2 in the Bone Loss Associated With Pediatric Celiac Disease (J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020 Nov;71(5):633-640.)
CB2 and TRPV1 receptors oppositely modulate in vitro human osteoblast activity (Pharmacol Res. 2015 Sep;99:194-201.)
CB2 cannabinoid receptor targets mitogenic Gi protein-cyclin D1 axis in osteoblastsΒ (J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(2):308-316.)Β
Immune System Modulation:
CB2: Potential role in immunomodulation and neuroinflammationΒ (J Neuroimmune Pharmacol2013 Jun; 8(3): 608-620.)
Emerging role of theΒ CB2Β cannabinoid receptor in immune regulation and therapeutic prospects (Expert Rev Mol Med. 2009 Jan 20; 11: e3.)
Digestive Disorders:
CB2: a good friend in the gutΒ (Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 2007 Sept;19(9):704-8.)
CB2Β receptor-induced relief of hypermotility in a rat model of the irritable bowel syndrome (Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019 Jun;31(6):e13613.)
Cannabinoids and intestinal motility: welcome toΒ CB2Β receptorsΒ (Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;142(8):1201-2.)
CB2Β receptors in the gastrointestinal tract: a regulatory system in states of inflammationΒ (Br J Pharmacol.Β 2008 Jan;153(2):263-70.)
Activation ofΒ CB2Β receptor relieves colonic hypermotility in a rat model of irritable bowel syndromeΒ (Neurogastroenterol. Motil.Β 2019 Jun;31(6):e13555.)
CB2 agonist relieves colitis in mice by attenuating the activation of T cells and promoting their apoptosis (Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Jan 15;258(2):256-67. )
Migraine:
Activation ofΒ CB2Β receptors as a potential therapeutic target for migraine: evaluation in an animal model (J Headache Pain. 2014; 15(1): 14.)
Eye Health:
Inflammation andΒ CB2Β signaling drive novel changes in the ocular lipidome and regulate immune cell activity in the eyeΒ (Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2018 Nov;139:54-62.)
CB2Β receptors are upregulated with corneal injury and regulate the course of corneal wound healingΒ (Exp Eye Res. 2019 May;182:74-84.)
Activation ofΒ CB2Β by selective agonists regulates the deposition and remodelling of the extracellular matrixΒ (Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Nov;95:1704-1709.)
CB2Β receptor is a novel anti-inflammatory target in experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathyΒ (Neuropharmacology. 2017 Feb;113(Pt B):627-638.)
CB2Β receptor activation reduces leukocyte adhesion and improves capillary perfusion in the iridial microvasculature during systemic inflammationΒ (Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2015;61(2):237-49.)
Skin Health:
CB2Β exerts antifibrotic effects in experimental dermal fibrosisΒ (Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Apr;60(4):1129-36.)
Liver Health:
Antifibrogenic role of the cannabinoid receptorΒ CB2Β in the liverΒ (Gastroenterology.Β 2005 Mar;128(3):742-55.)
CB2Β Receptor Agonist Attenuates Inflammation, Apoptosis and Stimulate Progenitor Cells in Bile Duct Ligated RatΒ (Open Access Maced J Med Sci.Β 2019 Mar 29;7(6):925-936.)
A new CB2 agonist attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death associated with hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injuryΒ (Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2462-78.
Kidney & Bladder Health:
SelectiveΒ CB2Β Receptor Stimulation Reduces Tubular Epithelial Cell Damage after Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion InjuryΒ (J Pharmacol Exp Ther.Β 2018 Feb;364(2):287-299.)
Activation ofΒ CB2Β inhibits experimental cystitisΒ (Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.Β 2013 May 15;304(10):R846-53.)
Pancreatic Health:
Activation ofΒ CB2Β reduces inflammation in acute experimental pancreatitisΒ (AM J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol.Β 2013 Jan 15;304(2):G181-92.)
The role ofΒ CB2Β receptors in acute pancreatitisΒ (Pancreas. 2008 Nov;37(4):493-494.
CB2Β receptors regulate Ca(2+) signals and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cellΒ (Cell Calcium.Β 2006 Feb;39(2):155-62.)
Therapeutic potential ofΒ CB2Β in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complicationsΒ (Eur J Pharmacol.Β 2019 Nov 5;862:172628.)
CB2Β agonist attenuates pain related behavior in rats with chronic alcohol/high fat diet induced pancreatitisΒ (Mol Pain.Β 2014 Nov 17;10:66.)
Respiratory Health:
CB2Β agonist prevents nicotine induced lung fibrosisΒ (Exp Lung Res. 2018 Sep;44(7):344-351.)
CB2Β receptors regulate natural killer cells that limit allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthmaΒ (Allergy.Β 2017 Jun;72(6):937-947.)
Addictions & Substance Use Disorders:
CB2Β receptor involvement in the treatment of substance use disordersΒ (Biomolecules.Β 2021 Nov; 11(11): 1556.)
Role of cannabinoidΒ CB2Β receptor in the reinforcing actions of ethanolΒ (Addict Biol.Β 2015 Jan;20(1):43-55.)
CB2 agonist, Ξ²-caryophyllene, reduced voluntary alcohol intake and attenuated ethanol-induced place preference and sensitivity in mice (Pharmacol Biochem Behav . 2014 Sep;124:260-8.)
CB2Β agonist prevents nicotine induced lung fibrosisΒ (Exp Lung Res. 2018 Sep;44(7):344-351.)
Opioid Crisis:
CannabinoidΒ CB2Β Receptor Activation Attenuates Fentanyl-Induced Respiratory Depression. (Cannabis Cannabinoid Res.Β 2020 Oct 21.)